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Payne Knight Twister
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The Payne Knight Twister is a single-seat, single-engine aerobatic sport aircraft first flown by Vernon Payne in the United States in 1932 and marketed in plans form for homebuilding.〔Taylor 1989, p.716〕〔''Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1977–78'', p.551〕
==Design and development==
It is a conventional biplane design with slightly staggered wings of unequal span.〔 The wings are of fully cantilever design and do not require the bracing wires commonly used on biplanes or even interplane struts; however, most builders brace the wings with I-struts and at least one pair of wires.〔Davisson 1999, p.44〕 The cockpit is open, and the undercarriage is of fixed, tailwheel type with divided main units.〔 The wings and horizontal stabilizer are of wooden construction, skinned in plywood, while the fuselage and vertical stabilizer are of welded steel tube covered in fabric.〔''Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1977–78'', p.552〕
Payne designed the Knight Twister in 1928 while teaching aircraft design and repair at a school attached to the Aviation Service and Transport Company in Chicago.〔"Knight Twister Historical Information"〕 Construction of a prototype by Payne and his students commenced the following year but ended shortly thereafter when the school was forced to close as a consequence of the Great Depression.〔 Payne began building a second prototype in 1931, which first flew in fall the following year powered by a Salmson 9Ad radial engine.〔 This aircraft was damaged in a forced landing due to fuel exhaustion during a demonstration flight for the press, and parts of the airframe were reused to build the second Knight Twister in 1935.〔 This machine, powered by a converted Ford Model A automobile engine, was built for an Argentine buyer〔"The New Knight Twister" 1937, p.35〕 who eventually declined to take delivery.〔 After it had passed through several hands, Payne himself bought the aircraft back after World War II and his son, Richard, was killed in it during a test flight on which the engine failed shortly after take-off.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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